Agriculture, one of the world’s oldest vocations, is also one that continues to reinvent itself with new technology. From the introduction of the steel plow to automated tractors to modern fertilizer applications, technology has improved effectiveness and increased efficiency.
Now, two University of Florida professors say robots and information technology will rule the roost on farms in the coming years.
University of Florida Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences Professors Senthold Asseng and Frank Asche co-wrote an article published in the journal Science Robotics in which they say: “the farmers of the future are likely to be data scientists, programmers and robot wranglers.”
“I think we will see the first farm trying to put all this technology together in the next few years,” Asseng said.
Asseng works as a faculty member in agricultural and biological engineering and is a fellow of the UF/IFAS Institute for Sustainable Food Systems (ISFS). Asche is a faculty member in the program on fisheries and aquatics in the School of Forest Resources and Conservation, and is also affiliated with the ISFS.
In the face of global challenges to produce more food more sustainably, the researchers urge scientists and growers to radically rethink their approaches to farming. Farmers face constraints such as high labor costs, dwindling land on which to grow crops as well as access to fresh water — both due to changing climate and population growth.
“We have already become accustomed to the idea of autonomous machinery, like tractors navigating their way up and down a field,” said Asseng.
More recent technological advances include robots and drones that can operate autonomously 24/7, collect large amounts of farm data and carry out tasks on the field. The collected information can be used to optimize food production and resource use, the researchers say, resulting in higher yields with less fertilizer and pesticides.
Heavy machinery, used in place of higher labor costs, has compacted soil, leading to reduced root growth, lower soil fertility and eventually, less yield, the researchers say. Replacing heavy machinery with autonomous light-weight robots and drones can overcome the soil compaction issue and make food production more sustainable.
Another advantage they cite from technological advances is food traceability.
“The constant monitoring and collection of information from sensors in the field or from sensors attached to livestock will make it possible to trace a food product from farm to fork,” the researchers wrote.
All the components of the future farm already exist, including decision software for crop management, said Asseng.
He sees all these innovations benefitting society, the way we farm and the environment. It will help with increasing food production and at the same time increase sustainability.
“I think the trend is clearly there since agriculture started and more recently, for example, with bigger and bigger tractors in agriculture to have fewer drivers, a trend we also see in other industries,” he said. “It definitely opens up new opportunities for other jobs like developing and maintaining robots, drones, software and more.”
This article originally appeared in UF/IFAS News.